Skip to Main Content

Literature searching for Health Sciences and Medicine

A guide for medical, dentistry and health sciences students undertaking a literature search.

What is proximity searching?

Proximity searching is based on how closely two or more search terms appear in the results.

PROXIMITY

words within a
specific number

frontline ADJ3 worker
=
frontline workers
workers on the frontline
frontline health care workers

  Note: ADJ is used in Ovid databases, check other database for correct letters

Useful for:

  • concepts expressed by multiple phrases
  • focus on a particular meaning of a word when you have irrelevant results

   How to: Proximity operators in different databases

ADJ#

 

Example" (bleed* or hemorrhag* or haemorrhag*) ADJ3 (cerebral or brain)


Ovid advises that you don't repeat words or phrases either side of the ADJn operator, e.g. randomized adj (trial or controlled trial).mp

Ovid also advises you not to concatenate ADJ operators in search lines, e.g. health adjn (care adjn work) or (staff adjn attendant adjn trainer adjn provider)

N# for words in any order

W# for words in the specified order

 

Example: bipolar W2 disorder

 

Multiple proximity operators can be used in a search expression and multiple terms can be used on either side of each proximity operator. See the following examples:

    tax N5 reform OR tariff N5 reform
    (tax OR tariff) N5 reform
    oil W3 (disaster OR clean-up OR contamination) N5 (fisheries OR habitats)
    (baseball OR football OR basketball) N5 (teams OR players) N5 (greatest OR best)

NEAR/#
 

Example:  (pluripotent OR multipotent) NEAR/2 "stem cells"

 

1. If you use NEAR without /x, the system will find records where the terms joined by NEAR are within 15 words of each other. For example, these searches are equivalent:

    salmon NEAR virus
    salmon NEAR/15 virus
 

2. You cannot use the AND operator in queries that include the NEAR operator. For example, the following query is not valid:

TS = (Germany NEAR/10 (monetary AND union))

~# 

 

Example:"debt recovery"~5 

NEAR/# or N/# for words in any order

PRE/# for words in specified order

 

Example: nursing NEAR/3 education


Library Twitter

Library Instagram

Library Blogs

Library Contacts