The key steps in evidence-based practice (EBP) are typically outlined in a five-step process. These steps ensure that decisions are well-informed, based on the most current and reliable evidence, and tailored to individual needs and contexts.
1. Ask: Formulate a clear, answerable question based on a patient's or client's problem or need. This often involves using the PICO framework (Patient/Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) to structure the question.
2. Acquire: Search for the best available evidence using systematic and comprehensive methods. This involves identifying and accessing relevant research studies and other sources of information.
3. Appraise: Critically evaluate the evidence for its validity, reliability, and relevance. This step assesses the quality of the research and determines whether the findings are applicable to the specific situation or context.
4. Apply: Integrate the evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences to make a decision. This involves considering the context, the practitioner's experience, and the values and expectations of the patient or client.
5. Assess: Evaluate the outcomes of the decision and seek ways to improve. This involves monitoring the implementation of the decision, measuring its effectiveness, and making any necessary adjustments to enhance outcomes.
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions by An Introduction to Evidence-Based Practice
