In a crossover study, each participant receives more than one treatment at different times. Participants are first given one treatment and then after a washout period they change to the other treatment. This study design sees every person acting as their own comparison, which in turn helps the researchers better understand the effects of each treatment.
N-of-1 trials
An N-of-1 trial is a type of clinical trial conducted with a single patient. It involves multiple crossover comparisons where the patient receives both the experimental treatment and a control in a random order.
Latin square design
Latin square design is a way to organise a study so that each treatment is given to each patient once, and the order of treatments is balanced. This helps to control for differences between patients and the timing of treatments, making it easier to see the true effects of the treatments
Rosén, J., Frykholm, P., Jonsson Fagerlund, M., Pellegrini, M., Campoccia Jalde, F., von Oelreich, E., & Fors, D. (2024). Lung impedance changes during awake prone positioning in COVID-19. A non-randomized cross-over study. Plos one, 19(2), e0299199. Full Text